Hunton Immigration and Nationality Law Blog : Immigration Lawyer & Attorney : Hunton & Williams Law Firm : Workplace Enforcement, Immigration Visas

Under its Validation Instrument for Business Enterprises (VIBE) program, through a data partnership with Dun & Bradstreet (D&B), USCIS verifies "business existence" for each US employer who files a petition for a foreign-national employee.

If data on the employer is unavailable in D&B, or does not match data in the employer's petition, USCIS sends the employer a Request for Evidence, asking for additional documentation of the company's business existence, which delays approval of the petition.  Although a single employer is not supposed to receive a VIBE Request for Evidence more than once, immigration practitioners have found that this standard is not 100% consistent.

USCIS and D&B have now announced a streamlined process for proactively updating a company's business data before a petition is filed.  This could prevent delays and additional legal fees associated with a Request for Evidence (although responding to a VIBE RFE is generally routine).  Employers may wish to avail themselves of this opportunity.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that as of November 22, 2011, it has received sufficient H-1B petitions to reach the statutory cap for Fiscal Year 2012 (10/1/2011 through 9/30/2012).  The H-1B cap applies only to petitions for new employment, and generally does not affect H-1B sponsors who request extensions or a change of employers.  Cap-subject H-1B petitions received by USCIS after November 22nd will be rejected.  Employers who wish to sponsor an H-1B worker should contact Hunton & Williams to determine whether an exemption from the cap may be available or to develop the best strategy for mitigating the effects of the cap being reached.

H-1B petitions for Fiscal Year 2012 may be submitted as early as April 1, 2012, for employment beginning on October 1, 2012.

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Department of State Managing Director for Visa Services, Ed Ramotowski, announced yesterday that, due to their robust economies and currency strength against the U.S. dollar, 44% more U.S. visas have been issued in Brazil this year than last year and 35% more in China.  DOS described its efforts to keep up with this skyrocketing demand.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services announced recently that US employers who petition for foreign workers in the H-1B, H-1B1 (Chile/Singapore), L-1, and O-1A categories will not be required to complete Part 6 of Form I-129 until February 20, 2011.  Part 6 contains the employer certification regarding licensing requirements under export controls and ITAR, recently discussed in this blog. USCIS received a number of inquiries from stakeholders requesting that the agency delay implementation of this requirement in order to give petitioners time to establish the necessary internal processes to properly satisfy the attestation requirements.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services recently issued a new Form I-129, effective December 23, 2010.  Part 6, "Release of Controlled Technology or Technical Data to Foreign Persons in the U.S.," requires an employer to certify it will not "release" controlled technology or data to an H-1B, L-1 or O-1 worker without the appropriate "export license," if one is required.  Under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), a "deemed export" occurs when controlled technology or technical data is "disclosed" or "transferred" to a foreign person, whether in the United States or abroad.  This can occur when a foreign-national employee reads technical specifications, plans or blueprints or has direct access to source code; or when technology is indirectly exchanged with the employee verbally or under the guidance or supervision of others who have knowledge of the technology.  To comply with the law and properly complete the new form, an employer must first classify its technology or technical data to determine if an export license is required.  The EAR's Commerce Control List may be found here and the ITAR's U.S. Munitions List here.  Employers who are not certain if their technology requires an export license should consult with legal counsel who has expertise in export control law.

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Beginning January 10, 2011, applicants for nonimmigrant visas at the U.S. embassy and consulates in Mexico must visit an Applicant Service Center (ASC) for biometrics (digital photos and fingerprints) before their visa interviews.  Applicants will no longer pay separate fees to schedule an appointment, apply for a visa, and have a courier service deliver their passports.  Instead, one fee will cover everything:  USD140 for tourist visas, USD150 for petition-based visas (H, L, O and P), and USD390 for E treaty/trader visas.  An applicant with a Mexican passport who is renewing a visa in the same category that is still valid or that expired less than one year ago will not have to attend a visa interview as long as he/she has no history of criminal or immigration problems and does not hold a passport from another country that is not a Visa Waiver country.  For additional information, see the website of the US embassy in Mexico City or the embassy's press release.

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The Department of State has revised its "visa reciprocity" schedule for China, effective July 9, 2010, allowing US embassies and consulates to issue 1-year, multiple-entry H-1B visas to Chinese nationals.  The new reciprocity schedule for China may be viewed at the State Department's website here.

Validity periods and other restrictions on US nonimmigrant visas, such as H-1B visas, are based on the concept of "reciprocity":  the validity and limitations another country imposes on US citizens for similar types of visas.  Previously, Chinese H-1B visas were limited to 3 months and only 2 entries to the United States, making frequent foreign travel problematic for Chinese H-1B workers and their U.S. employers.

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The U.S. Department of State has confirmed that contractors on a pre-approved list at the Kentucky Consular Center (KCC) are now auditing approved nonimmigrant petitions -- including H-1B and L-1 petitions -- in order to verify that information contained in the petitions is correct.  The audits are creating significant delays for petition-based visa applicants at embassies worldwide.

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On August 11, 2010, the State Department published its final revised rule on J-1 Interns and Trainees.  The revised rule makes 3 key changes.  First, host companies no longer must provide a Dun & Bradstreet report  Second, program sponsors may interview candidates by phone rather than only in person or by videoconference.  And third, both interns and trainees may participate in unlimited J-1 programs as long as they will develop more advanced skills or train in a different field of expertise in each new program.  Interns must still be enrolled full-time in a foreign college or university or have graduated within the 12 months just preceding the new J-1 program.  Trainees (and interns who do not meet the preceding criteria) must reside outside the United States for at least 2 years before they are eligible for any additional J-1 program.

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U.S. Customs and Border Protection has announced new fees for persons seeking authorization to travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program.  The authorization is obtained prior to travel through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), and typically remains valid for two years.  Beginning on September 8, 2010, the ESTA travel authorization will require a valid credit card for payment of a $14.00 fee.  The purpose of the fee is to finance efforts to promote international travel to the United States, and cover operational costs associated with running the ESTA program.  Individuals who already possess ESTA authorization do not need to pay the fee until it is time for them to reapply.

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The U.S. Department of State (DOS) has announced that, as of June 4, 2010, nonimmigrant visa fees have increased at its U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide.  In the Federal Register notice announcing the move, DOS explained that increases are necessary because an independent study from August 2007 to June 2009 concluded the agency "is not fully covering its costs ... under the current cost structure."  Petition-based visa fees for temporary workers -- such as H-1B, L-1 and O-1 -- increased from $131 to $150.  E-1 (treaty trader) and E-2 (treaty investor) visa fees increased almost 300 percent, from $131 to $390.  For additional detail, please consult the Federal Register notice.

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In recent months there have been multiple reports that some H-1B workers arriving at Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey have been questioned extensively by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers about their employment in the United States.  In some cases H-1B workers have been refused entry and/or had their visas cancelled.  CBP headquarters has since confirmed that most of these incidents occurred as part of an enforcement action involving companies that are under investigation for immigration violations, presumably involving fraudulent H-1B petitions or inadequate documentation.  Based on the types of questions being asked by CBP, there are also indications of increased scrutiny of H-1B workers who are employed by consulting firms, based on the January 2010 Neufeld memo discussed in our previous blog entry Indian nationals who are employed by consulting firms appear to be the primary targets of these enforcement efforts.

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Since 2009, the Department of State has been phasing in a new, online visa application form at embassies worldwide.  The new DS-160 combines all previously used forms (DS-156, DS-157 and DS-158) for all nonimmigrant visa applications except Ks and Es.  DOS's goal is to use the DS-160 exclusively worldwide by April 30, 2010.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) recently issued a memorandum containing guidance for the processing of H-1B petitions involving certain employer-employee relationships, including self-employment, third-party site placements and independent contractors.  Specifically, the memo states that an H-1B employer must establish that it will maintain the "right to control" the "when, where, and how" a sponsored H-1B worker performs the job, thus raising concerns about the viability of previously acceptable employment arrangements.  This memo follows months of increased scrutiny by USCIS of H-1B petitions filed by consulting companies and H-1B employers that are owned by the employee who is being sponsored.

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The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) may designate a country for Temporary Protected Status (TPS) when conditions make it unsafe for citizens of that country who are in the United States to return.  TPS is usually granted when there is ongoing armed conflict, an environmental disaster, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions.  Due to the recent 7.0 magnitude earthquake, DHS has designated Haiti for TPS.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced this afternoon that as of December 21, 2009, it has received sufficient H-1B petitions to reach the statutory cap for Fiscal Year 2010 (10/1/2009 through 9/30/2010).  The H-1B cap applies only to petitions for new employment, and generally does not affect H-1B sponsors who request extensions or a change of employers.  Petitions that were received by USCIS on December 21st are subject to a random selection process and some will ultimately be rejected.  Employers who wish to sponsor an H-1B worker should contact Hunton & Williams to determine whether an exemption from the cap may be available or to develop the best strategy for mitigating the effects of the cap being reached. 

H-1B petitions for Fiscal Year 2011 may be submitted as early as April 1, 2010, for employment beginning on October 1, 2010.

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On November 2, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued a final rule removing HIV infection from the list of "communicable diseases of public health significance," effective January 4, 2010.  The rule means that HIV-positive foreign nationals will no longer be inadmissible to the United States or require waivers in order to be approved for nonimmigrant or immigrant visas.  It also means HIV testing will no longer be part of immigration medical exams.  The entire rule may be read here.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services announced today that as of October 25, 2009, it had received all of the available 20,000 master's cap petitions, and approximately 52,800 petitions under the regular cap.  Although a total of 65,000 petitions are allowed each fiscal year, this figure includes 6,800 petitions that are reserved under treaties between the United States and Chile and Singapore.  Thus, less than 5,500 regular H-1B petitions are remaining for Fiscal Year 2010.  With more than 6,000 petitions filed during the four week period leading up to October 25th, it seems that the H-1B cap could be reached before November 25, 2009.  In light of new Department of Labor procedures that can result in preliminary steps taking several weeks to complete before an H-1B petition may be submitted, companies must identify workers that require H-1B sponsorship and commence the process as quickly as possible. Please click here for general information about the H-1B cap.

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Under the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, U.S. immigration law will extend to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a chain of 14 Pacific islands located near Guam, beginning on November 28, 2009.  Inspection and admission of travelers to the CNMI will change, and authorized stays under the Visa Waiver Program in Guam and CNMI will increase from 15 to 45 days.  The Department of Homeland Security announcement may be read here.

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On August 21, 2009, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a bulletin discussing the interaction between the H-2B visa program and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).  After an extensive review, and under its wage and enforcement authority, the DOL has concluded that employers are responsible for paying both transportation and visa expenses of their H-2B workers, since these are "primarily for the benefit of the employer".  A copy of the bulletin can be found here.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has engaged outside contractors to conduct thousands of site visits to petitioners, including companies that have sponsored employees in H-1B, L-1 or O-1 status.  Typically, the site visits are conducted after approval of the petition.  The investigators may arrive unannounced at the work site, or call the company ahead of time to plan a time to visit the company office or facility.  According to information provided by one such investigator, the purpose of the site visit is to verify that the company is a real operating business entity, and that the person sponsored in the petition is actually employed by the company in the manner described in the petition.  Hunton & Williams clients should contact us immediately if your company is the target of such an investigation, so we can coordinate the process and assist with satisfying any legitimate requests by the investigator.

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Recognizing that driver's license requirements vary among the states, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) issued a fact sheet to help F, M and J visa holders who need to apply for driver's licenses or state identification cards.  The fact sheet can be found here.

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In 2005, the USCIS suspended Premium (15-day) Processing of R-1 nonimmigrant visa petitions due to fraud issues related to the sponsoring religious organizations.  The USCIS conducted on-site inspections of petitioners as part of the R-1 adjudication process.  Effective July 20, 2009, those R-1 religious organization petitioners already the subject of  successful on-site inspections at the locations where the beneficiaries will work may request Premium Processing.  The filing fee for Premium Processing is $1,000.  If the USCIS issues a request for evidence, the 15-day processing period begins again upon receipt of the petitioner's response.

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Qualifying foreign nationals planning to visit the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) must now register under the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) before traveling to the United States without a visa.  ESTA is designed to identify those individuals who may be a security or law enforcement risk.  The application takes only a few minutes to complete and can be completed online. Once approved, the ESTA authorization is valid for two years and can be renewed as often as required.  Individuals who qualify for the VWP but who will be traveling to another country and stopping in the United States en route must also register under ESTA since the termination of the "Transit without a Visa" program.  The USCIS Questions and Answers on ESTA fact sheet, which contains a list of participating VWP countries, can be read here.

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After years of rumors and high hopes, the USCIS has finally announced that Canadian and Mexican citizens applying for TN status may be admitted for up to three years at a time.  Previously, they were limited to one-year renewable increments.  The TN visa category, created as part of the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), allows certain Canadian and Mexican professionals to work lawfully in the United States for US employers.  This is very good news for employers, as it will reduce the annual renewal costs and inconveniences for employees holding TN status.  The USCIS announcement can be read here.

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